Definitions

zài (verb) to be in; to be at; to exist
zài (adverb) in the middle of doing something; indicating an action in progress

Etymology

Composed of and , which both represent the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "在" is etymologically derived from the components "𠂇", depicting a left hand, and "土", meaning earth, combining to convey the concept of presence or existence upon the land. Its structure consistently integrates these two elements, with the hand component positioned above the earth component. Initially functioning as a verb meaning "to exist" or "to be at a place", the character's usage broadened over time to primarily serve as a preposition indicating location in space or time, such as in "在北京" (in Beijing) or "在去年" (last year). This semantic shift from a concrete verb to a grammatical particle illustrates a functional adaptation within the language system.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

家里。

Wǒ zài jiā lǐ.

I am at home.

公司工作。

Tā zài gōngsī gōngzuò.

He works at the company.

桌子上。

Shū zài zhuōzi shàng.

The book is on the table.

我们学习中文。

Wǒmen zài xuéxí Zhōngwén.

We are learning Chinese.

飞机天空中飞行。

Fēijī zài tiānkōng zhōng fēixíng.

The airplane is flying in the sky.

困难面前,不要放弃。

Zài kùnnan miànqián, bùyào fàngqì.

Don't give up in the face of difficulties.

阅读这本书的过程中,我学到了很多。

Zài yuèdú zhè běn shū de guòchéng zhōng, wǒ xué dào le hěn duō.

During the process of reading this book, I learned a lot.

确保安全的前提下,实验可以继续。

Zài quèbǎo ānquán de qiántí xià, shíyàn kěyǐ jìxù.

On the premise of ensuring safety, the experiment can continue.