Definitions

xiàng (preposition) towards; to face; direction
xiàng (verb) to support; to side with
xiàng (adverb) shortly before; formerly

Etymology

Depicts a mouth () in a closed space () making an echo sound. Based on the original meaning "echo; sound", now written as . The meaning later shifted to "direction" and "toward".

About

The character "向" derives from an early pictograph of a window, structurally composed of the "宀" roof component above the "口" element representing an opening, which together depicted a window in a dwelling. Its original meaning referred specifically to a window, but over centuries this concrete reference extended metaphorically to encompass the idea of facing a particular direction, as windows typically orient a space outward. Consequently, the character's semantic field shifted from denoting a physical aperture to expressing orientation and direction, evolving into its contemporary functions as a noun for "direction" and a preposition meaning "towards", while the ancient sense of "window" persists only in historical or literary contexts.

Example Sentences Hide

老师问好。

Wǒ xiàng lǎoshī wènhǎo.

I greet the teacher.

太阳东升起。

Tàiyáng xiàng dōng shēngqǐ.

The sun rises in the east.

我们前走。

Wǒmen xiàng qián zǒu.

We walk forward.

我借了一本书。

Tā xiàng wǒ jièle yī běn shū.

He borrowed a book from me.

她总是别人学习。

Tā zǒngshì xiàng biérén xuéxí.

She always learns from others.

这个方城市。

Zhège fāngxiàng tōngxiàng chéngshì.

This direction leads to the city.

我解释了原因。

Tā xiàng wǒ jiěshìle yuányīn.

He explained the reason to me.

我们必须困难挑战。

Wǒmen bìxū xiàng kùnnán tiǎozhàn.

We must challenge difficulties.