Definitions

xiàng (preposition) towards; to face; direction
xiàng (verb) to support; to side with
xiàng (adverb) shortly before; formerly

Etymology

Depicts a mouth () in a closed space () making an echo sound. Based on the original meaning "echo; sound", now written as . The meaning later shifted to "direction" and "toward".

About

The character 向 originated as a pictogram depicting a window in a wall, with its earliest attested meaning being "window". In its modern form, it is composed of the roof radical 宀 above the component 口, structurally suggesting an opening within a dwelling. From this concrete referent, its meaning gradually extended to encompass the idea of facing a particular orientation, as windows are aligned toward specific directions. This evolution resulted in 向 acquiring its core contemporary senses of "toward", "direction", or "to face", effectively transitioning from a physical object to a relational spatial concept.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

老师问好。

Wǒ xiàng lǎoshī wènhǎo.

I greet the teacher.

太阳东升起。

Tàiyáng xiàng dōng shēngqǐ.

The sun rises in the east.

我们前走。

Wǒmen xiàng qián zǒu.

We walk forward.

我借了一本书。

Tā xiàng wǒ jièle yī běn shū.

He borrowed a book from me.

她总是别人学习。

Tā zǒngshì xiàng biérén xuéxí.

She always learns from others.

这个方城市。

Zhège fāngxiàng tōngxiàng chéngshì.

This direction leads to the city.

我解释了原因。

Tā xiàng wǒ jiěshìle yuányīn.

He explained the reason to me.

我们必须困难挑战。

Wǒmen bìxū xiàng kùnnán tiǎozhàn.

We must challenge difficulties.