Definitions

xiàng (preposition) towards; to face; direction
xiàng (verb) to support; to side with
xiàng (adverb) shortly before; formerly

Etymology

Depicts a mouth () in a closed space () making an echo sound. Based on the original meaning "echo; sound", now written as . The meaning later shifted to "direction" and "toward".

About

Originally a pictograph, 向 depicted a window in a house wall. The outer enclosure represents the walls, while the inner 口 component signifies the window opening. In traditional architecture, windows were deliberately positioned to face specific directions for sunlight or ventilation, so the character's meaning evolved from the physical window to the concept of direction and orientation. This association forms the basis of its primary modern definitions as a preposition meaning "towards", "facing", or "in the direction of". The character is commonly used to indicate the trajectory of an action, the target of a behavior, or a past period when referring to historical trends.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

老师问好。

Wǒ xiàng lǎoshī wènhǎo.

I greet the teacher.

太阳东升起。

Tàiyáng xiàng dōng shēngqǐ.

The sun rises in the east.

我们前走。

Wǒmen xiàng qián zǒu.

We walk forward.

我借了一本书。

Tā xiàng wǒ jièle yī běn shū.

He borrowed a book from me.

她总是别人学习。

Tā zǒngshì xiàng biérén xuéxí.

She always learns from others.

这个方城市。

Zhège fāngxiàng tōngxiàng chéngshì.

This direction leads to the city.

我解释了原因。

Tā xiàng wǒ jiěshìle yuányīn.

He explained the reason to me.

我们必须困难挑战。

Wǒmen bìxū xiàng kùnnán tiǎozhàn.

We must challenge difficulties.