Definitions

(adjective) male (of animals)
(noun) hill; mound

Etymology

Depicts a cow () with a penis (). In oracle bone script the animals varied in depiction, such as a pig (), a deer (鹿), sheep (), horse (), etc.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character 牡, which remains consistent in both traditional and simplified orthography, is etymologically structured from the component for "ox" (牛) combined with a element that originally represented a phallic symbol, a graphic construction that explicitly denoted its original and specific meaning of a male bovine, or bull. Over time, this semantic scope broadened considerably, allowing the character to be applied as a general designation for male animals of other species, such as in 牡馬 for a stallion. This conceptual framework of masculinity was also extended metaphorically into the botanical realm, where it appears in terms like 牡蠣 (oyster) and 牡丹 (peony), though in these compounds its male connotation is largely historical or symbolic rather than descriptive of the plant's biology.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这朵丹很美丽。

Zhè duǒ mǔdān hěn měilì.

This peony is very beautiful.

我喜欢红色的丹。

Wǒ xǐhuān hóngsè de mǔdān.

I like red peonies.

花园里种了许多丹。

Huāyuán lǐ zhòngle xǔduō mǔdān.

Many peonies are planted in the garden.

蛎是一种海鲜。

Mǔlì shì yī zhǒng hǎixiān.

Oysters are a type of seafood.

他点了烤蛎作为前菜。

Tā diǎnle kǎo mǔlì zuòwéi qiáncài.

He ordered grilled oysters as an appetizer.

马在草原上奔跑。

Mǔ mǎ zài cǎoyuán shàng bēnpǎo.

The stallion is running on the grassland.

丹花的香气令人愉悦。

Mǔdān huā de xiāngqì lìng rén yúyuè.

The fragrance of peony flowers is pleasing.

这家餐厅的蒜蓉蛎很有名。

Zhè jiā cāntīng de suànróng mǔlì hěn yǒumíng.

The garlic oysters at this restaurant are famous.