Definitions

shàn (adjective) good; virtuous; benevolent
shàn (adjective) skilled at; good at
shàn (verb) to improve; to perfect

Etymology

Composed of two (speech) components and (sheep). In ancient China sheep () were associated with goodness and beauty, which is why is a component in characters like (beautiful), (benevolent), and (justice).

About

The character "善", denoting goodness and virtue, originates from a structural amalgamation of the component for sheep "羊" with elements conveying speech or utterance, which initially implied auspicious connotations due to the cultural perception of sheep as benevolent and favorable animals. Over time, its semantic scope extended beyond mere propitiousness to incorporate moral dimensions such as kindness and ethical excellence, while also acquiring additional senses like being adept or skilled in a particular domain. The traditional form of the character, which has remained unchanged without a simplified counterpart, retains these constituent parts, offering insight into its historical linkage to symbolic animal imagery and human expression.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

妈妈很良。

Māma hěn shànliáng.

Mom is very kind.

于学习是好的。

Shànyú xuéxí shì hǎo de.

Being good at learning is good.

我们需要完计划。

Wǒmen xūyào wánshàn jìhuà.

We need to improve the plan.

他的意让我感动。

Tā de shànyì ràng wǒ gǎndòng.

His goodwill moved me.

用时间很重要。

Shànyòng shíjiān hěn zhòngyào.

Making good use of time is important.

于沟通所以人缘很好。

Tā shànyú gōutōng suǒyǐ rényuán hěn hǎo.

She is good at communication so she is very popular.

他们负责处理后工作。

Tāmen fùzé chǔlǐ shànhòu gōngzuò.

They are responsible for handling the aftermath work.

社会保障体系有助于促进社会和谐。

Wánshàn shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì yǒuzhùyú cùjìn shèhuì héxié.

Improving the social security system helps promote social harmony.